Optimal. Leaf size=243 \[ -\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (x^2-x+1\right )+\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (x^2+x+1\right )+\frac {x \left (-7 x^2 (d-f)+2 d+3 f\right )}{24 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (d-2 f)\right )+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}-\frac {(13 d+2 f) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{48 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {(13 d+2 f) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {2 x+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{48 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {(2 e-g) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\left (2 x^2+1\right ) (2 e-g)}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {x^2 (2 e-g)+e-2 g}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.23, antiderivative size = 243, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 17, number of rules used = 10, integrand size = 26, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.385, Rules used = {1673, 1178, 1169, 634, 618, 204, 628, 1247, 638, 614} \begin {gather*} \frac {x \left (-7 x^2 (d-f)+2 d+3 f\right )}{24 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {x \left (x^2 (-(d-2 f))+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}-\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (x^2-x+1\right )+\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (x^2+x+1\right )-\frac {(13 d+2 f) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{48 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {(13 d+2 f) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {2 x+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{48 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\left (2 x^2+1\right ) (2 e-g)}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {x^2 (2 e-g)+e-2 g}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}+\frac {(2 e-g) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 204
Rule 614
Rule 618
Rule 628
Rule 634
Rule 638
Rule 1169
Rule 1178
Rule 1247
Rule 1673
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {d+e x+f x^2+g x^3}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx &=\int \frac {d+f x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx+\int \frac {x \left (e+g x^2\right )}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx\\ &=\frac {x \left (d+f-(d-2 f) x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {1}{12} \int \frac {11 d-f-5 (d-2 f) x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {e+g x}{\left (1+x+x^2\right )^3} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=\frac {x \left (d+f-(d-2 f) x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {e-2 g+(2 e-g) x^2}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {x \left (2 d+3 f-7 (d-f) x^2\right )}{24 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {1}{72} \int \frac {15 (4 d-f)-21 (d-f) x^2}{1+x^2+x^4} \, dx+\frac {1}{4} (2 e-g) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (1+x+x^2\right )^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=\frac {x \left (d+f-(d-2 f) x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {e-2 g+(2 e-g) x^2}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {(2 e-g) \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {x \left (2 d+3 f-7 (d-f) x^2\right )}{24 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {1}{144} \int \frac {15 (4 d-f)-(21 (d-f)+15 (4 d-f)) x}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{144} \int \frac {15 (4 d-f)+(21 (d-f)+15 (4 d-f)) x}{1+x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{6} (2 e-g) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x+x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=\frac {x \left (d+f-(d-2 f) x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {e-2 g+(2 e-g) x^2}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {(2 e-g) \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {x \left (2 d+3 f-7 (d-f) x^2\right )}{24 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \int \frac {1+2 x}{1+x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{96} (13 d+2 f) \int \frac {1}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{96} (13 d+2 f) \int \frac {1}{1+x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{32} (-9 d+4 f) \int \frac {-1+2 x}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{3} (-2 e+g) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+2 x^2\right )\\ &=\frac {x \left (d+f-(d-2 f) x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {e-2 g+(2 e-g) x^2}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {(2 e-g) \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {x \left (2 d+3 f-7 (d-f) x^2\right )}{24 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {(2 e-g) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x^2}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (1+x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{48} (-13 d-2 f) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+2 x\right )+\frac {1}{48} (-13 d-2 f) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+2 x\right )\\ &=\frac {x \left (d+f-(d-2 f) x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {e-2 g+(2 e-g) x^2}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {(2 e-g) \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {x \left (2 d+3 f-7 (d-f) x^2\right )}{24 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {(13 d+2 f) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{48 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {(13 d+2 f) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{48 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {(2 e-g) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x^2}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (1+x+x^2\right )\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] time = 0.66, size = 259, normalized size = 1.07 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{144} \left (\frac {12 \left (x \left (-d x^2+d+2 f x^2+f\right )+2 e x^2+e-g \left (x^2+2\right )\right )}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}+\frac {6 \left (-7 d x^3+2 d x+e \left (8 x^2+4\right )+7 f x^3+3 f x-2 g \left (2 x^2+1\right )\right )}{x^4+x^2+1}-\frac {\left (\left (7 \sqrt {3}-47 i\right ) d+\left (-7 \sqrt {3}+17 i\right ) f\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\sqrt {3}-i\right ) x\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{6} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {\left (\left (7 \sqrt {3}+47 i\right ) d-\left (7 \sqrt {3}+17 i\right ) f\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\sqrt {3}+i\right ) x\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{6} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-16 \sqrt {3} (2 e-g) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2 x^2+1}\right )\right ) \end {gather*}
Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.
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IntegrateAlgebraic [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {d+e x+f x^2+g x^3}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx \end {gather*}
Verification is not applicable to the result.
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fricas [A] time = 1.75, size = 435, normalized size = 1.79 \begin {gather*} -\frac {84 \, {\left (d - f\right )} x^{7} - 48 \, {\left (2 \, e - g\right )} x^{6} + 60 \, {\left (d - 2 \, f\right )} x^{5} - 72 \, {\left (2 \, e - g\right )} x^{4} + 84 \, {\left (d - 2 \, f\right )} x^{3} - 96 \, {\left (2 \, e - g\right )} x^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left ({\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f + 16 \, g\right )} x^{8} + 2 \, {\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f + 16 \, g\right )} x^{6} + 3 \, {\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f + 16 \, g\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f + 16 \, g\right )} x^{2} + 13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f + 16 \, g\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) - 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left ({\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f - 16 \, g\right )} x^{8} + 2 \, {\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f - 16 \, g\right )} x^{6} + 3 \, {\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f - 16 \, g\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f - 16 \, g\right )} x^{2} + 13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f - 16 \, g\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) - 12 \, {\left (4 \, d + 5 \, f\right )} x - 9 \, {\left ({\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{8} + 2 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{6} + 3 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{2} + 9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) + 9 \, {\left ({\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{8} + 2 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{6} + 3 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{2} + 9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - 72 \, e + 72 \, g}{288 \, {\left (x^{8} + 2 \, x^{6} + 3 \, x^{4} + 2 \, x^{2} + 1\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [A] time = 0.38, size = 198, normalized size = 0.81 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{144} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (13 \, d + 2 \, f + 16 \, g - 32 \, e\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{144} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (13 \, d + 2 \, f - 16 \, g + 32 \, e\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{32} \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{32} \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - \frac {7 \, d x^{7} - 7 \, f x^{7} + 4 \, g x^{6} - 8 \, x^{6} e + 5 \, d x^{5} - 10 \, f x^{5} + 6 \, g x^{4} - 12 \, x^{4} e + 7 \, d x^{3} - 14 \, f x^{3} + 8 \, g x^{2} - 16 \, x^{2} e - 4 \, d x - 5 \, f x + 6 \, g - 6 \, e}{24 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}^{2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [A] time = 0.02, size = 322, normalized size = 1.33 \begin {gather*} \frac {13 \sqrt {3}\, d \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x +1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{144}+\frac {13 \sqrt {3}\, d \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{144}-\frac {9 d \ln \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )}{32}+\frac {9 d \ln \left (x^{2}+x +1\right )}{32}-\frac {2 \sqrt {3}\, e \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x +1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{9}+\frac {2 \sqrt {3}\, e \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, f \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x +1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{72}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, f \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{72}+\frac {f \ln \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )}{8}-\frac {f \ln \left (x^{2}+x +1\right )}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, g \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x +1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{9}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, g \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{9}+\frac {\left (-\frac {7 d}{3}-\frac {4 e}{3}+\frac {7 f}{3}-\frac {g}{3}\right ) x^{3}+\left (-6 d +4 f -2 g \right ) x^{2}-4 d +2 e +\frac {4 f}{3}-2 g +\left (-\frac {20 d}{3}+\frac {e}{3}+\frac {13 f}{3}-\frac {8 g}{3}\right ) x}{16 \left (x^{2}+x +1\right )^{2}}-\frac {\left (\frac {7 d}{3}-\frac {4 e}{3}-\frac {7 f}{3}-\frac {g}{3}\right ) x^{3}+\left (-6 d +4 f +2 g \right ) x^{2}-4 d -2 e +\frac {4 f}{3}+2 g +\left (\frac {20 d}{3}+\frac {e}{3}-\frac {13 f}{3}-\frac {8 g}{3}\right ) x}{16 \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )^{2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [A] time = 2.61, size = 200, normalized size = 0.82 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{144} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f + 16 \, g\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{144} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f - 16 \, g\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{32} \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{32} \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - \frac {7 \, {\left (d - f\right )} x^{7} - 4 \, {\left (2 \, e - g\right )} x^{6} + 5 \, {\left (d - 2 \, f\right )} x^{5} - 6 \, {\left (2 \, e - g\right )} x^{4} + 7 \, {\left (d - 2 \, f\right )} x^{3} - 8 \, {\left (2 \, e - g\right )} x^{2} - {\left (4 \, d + 5 \, f\right )} x - 6 \, e + 6 \, g}{24 \, {\left (x^{8} + 2 \, x^{6} + 3 \, x^{4} + 2 \, x^{2} + 1\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [B] time = 1.17, size = 295, normalized size = 1.21 \begin {gather*} \frac {\left (\frac {7\,f}{24}-\frac {7\,d}{24}\right )\,x^7+\left (\frac {e}{3}-\frac {g}{6}\right )\,x^6+\left (\frac {5\,f}{12}-\frac {5\,d}{24}\right )\,x^5+\left (\frac {e}{2}-\frac {g}{4}\right )\,x^4+\left (\frac {7\,f}{12}-\frac {7\,d}{24}\right )\,x^3+\left (\frac {2\,e}{3}-\frac {g}{3}\right )\,x^2+\left (\frac {d}{6}+\frac {5\,f}{24}\right )\,x+\frac {e}{4}-\frac {g}{4}}{x^8+2\,x^6+3\,x^4+2\,x^2+1}-\ln \left (x-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {9\,d}{32}-\frac {f}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,d\,13{}\mathrm {i}}{288}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,e\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,f\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{144}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,g\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{18}\right )-\ln \left (x+\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {f}{8}-\frac {9\,d}{32}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,d\,13{}\mathrm {i}}{288}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,e\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,f\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{144}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,g\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{18}\right )+\ln \left (x-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {f}{8}-\frac {9\,d}{32}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,d\,13{}\mathrm {i}}{288}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,e\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,f\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{144}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,g\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{18}\right )+\ln \left (x+\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {9\,d}{32}-\frac {f}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,d\,13{}\mathrm {i}}{288}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,e\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,f\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{144}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,g\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{18}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [F(-1)] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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